Economic ties between the Netherlands and the Great Britain, the major trade and investment partners are historically very strong. Dutch and British economies are mutually integrated in respect with the work of business community, financial systems and institutional framework. Economic equilibrium formed before the British referendum (Brexit) will not remain as it used to be. Brexit keeps a threat for Dutch economy due to fast establishing of barriers to the relocation of goods, commercial services and capital. The Government of the Netherlands implements a set of measures aimed at overcoming the negative consequences. Policy in what relates to the relocation of common European institutions and business control functions within Europe to the territory of the Netherlands strengthens its role as one of the EU economic leaders appropriate for the joint building of pragmatic dialogue aimed to solve actual tasks of trade and investment cooperation. Current situation brings certain risks for Russia, but at the same time, opens the possibilities for maintaining more close economic cooperation with the Great Britain and first of all with the Netherlands. Therefore, the conducting of monitoring and actualization of trade policy with the respect to bilateral foreign economic priorities in the field of export, deepening international industrial cooperation and intensive adaptation of business services to foreign markets requirements is much demanded.
The historically established colossal disproportion between the population of the country and the fertile lands has determined the direction of China’s state policy in this area for many years. Substantial financial support from the state for agrarians and the growing chemicalization of agriculture helped to overcome malnutrition and hunger by the end of the first decade of the 21st century. At the same time, achieving a high level of self-sufficiency in food of its own production is only one of the steps on the way of the PRC to ensuring national food security. In recent years, it has been characteristic of adjusting the vector of efforts from the formal availability of food to increasing its economic accessibility for wide sections of the population. The downside to the intensification of the Chinese agro-industrial complex was the aggravation of environmental problems and, as a result, the reduction of acreage due to soil degradation. This factor allows us to predict an increase in the country's dependence on food imports in the long term. Thus, China’s orientation towards the maximum possible self-sufficiency in food presents new challenges for the state, the answers to which are yet to be found.
The paper illustrates the role of US in international trade with focus on services. Over the last decades the services sector has gained in international trade and the world economy, making more opportunities for the production, productivity, employment. While protectionist turn in the United States is intensifying uncertainty in the world economy, commercial services trade shows increase. After world services exports fell in 2015, and was restoring after, in 2017 it was up to 5,3 trillion dollars, with US leading. The US exports in services is characterized by high concentration in several countries, including Great Britain, Canada, Japan, China. Meanwhile the main country importing travel services from the US is China, Mexico, Canada. By type of services travel is accounted for the largest part of both exports and imports. The highest surpluses in trade of services are in financial sector, charges for the use of intellectual property, travel. The article highlights that US has recorded in the second decade a surplus on trade in services, making an overall trade deficit much less.
In the article the author analyzes the key provisions of the Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (NPT) and concludes that there are three core principles guaranteeing stable functioning of the NPT. These principles are: non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear disarmament. The paper presents the reasons of crisis of international nuclear arms control system, based on the NPT, and also analyzes points of the disagreements between member states of the NPT. The reasons for the disagreements between nuclear and non-nuclear states come from different approaches to interpretation of the NPT provisions and prioritization of one core principle over another. The article examines the role of two key nuclear superpowers and depository states of the NPT – Russia and the USA – in the process of the nuclear disarmament. The article analyzes NATO nuclear sharing factor that acts as one of the main dispute sources between the USA and Russia impeding further movement in direction of the nuclear disarmament. The author concludes that the crisis of negotiation process under the NPT will grow because the non-nuclear states took the track of forcing the nuclear states to disarm and brought this issue within the United Nations General Assembly.
Key point of the research is that safety position of oil and gas companies on foreign markets can be ensured via complex analysis of factors influencing modern energy sector and presented in both economic and institutional dimensions. New methodological approach was developed. Key aim of a new approach is to assess safety level for positioning of companies on foreign markets in view of prospects for sustainable intensification of export, geological prospecting work, production, refining and marketing of oil and gas and with respect to the economic stability of hosting country and its political reliability. Within the framework of this approach, an integral index of safety positions of Russian oil and gas companies on foreign markets is proposed, which gives a comprehensive idea of the favorable situation in the energy market and, thus, simplifies management decisions in the field of long-term positioning of domestic enterprises in the markets of host states. The index of safety positions of Russian oil and gas companies on foreign markets on group of the countries representing potential interest for the domestic companies is calculated. The highest index value was assigned in China, the Netherlands, Germany and India. Kazakhstan, Bulgaria and Serbia were regarded as countries with average index value; Iraq and Nigeria belong to countries with low index value. The suggested index can be treated as a background for selecting the model of Russian oil and gas companies’ strategy and performances on hosting markets. Thus, when choosing an effective model of behavior of Russian oil and gas companies, the Chinese vector of cooperation should be based on partnership, not on competition. From the point of view of long-term positioning of Russian oil and gas companies, the Indian market is attractive, which is characterized by high volumes of imports of gas, oil and refined products, intensive GDP growth.
This article is devoted to the problems of the electric power sector of Russia, the implementation of a new program of modernization of thermal power plants, the state of the power engineering industry of the economy of the country and the correlation of all these aspects with each other. World market of the energymachinebuilding equipment for heat power plants have considered in this article. Leading countries and their shares of power equipment's world market were highlighted. Author has considered conjuncture of the energymachinebuilding sector of Russia in point of view domestic demand’s satisfaction in frame modernization program of the power engineering. In this article author have considered the question about ability Russian energy machine building companies to satisfy government's requirements with regards to localization of energy equipment. The analysis of the structure of installed capacity of Russian thermal power plants from the point of view of the countries of producers and their share in the Russian power generation system has made. Author has valued potential risks of the current situation. Can the modernization program become tool of the development energymachinebuilding sector? Is the potential of the gas turbine installations? The nomenclature of gas turbine units, which are currently produced in Russia has presented in this article.
The article gives a brief description of the market of macaroni products of the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2018. The Authors observed that the market of macaroni products were characterized by stability, at the same time each year compared with the previous observed consumption growth. Over the past few years, the capacity of the Russian pasta market in real terms has not changed. In the near future we can not expect any major changes in the direction of growth of the market. The article presents current information on the volume of production of subspecies of goods by year, districts and regions of the Russian Federation. The estimation of the key market participants, defined by their market share, as well as characteristics of the activities. The authors studied the structure and dynamics of Russian exports and import. The price dynamics of the market is analyzed. The dynamics of market sales is considered, the financial condition of the industry as a whole is shown.
Currently, it is difficult to imagine the shelves of retail chains without Russian confectionery, in particular without chocolate bars. While actively increasing the range of foreign confectionery companies (Lindt, Ritter Sport), mainly at the enterprises with a share of foreign capital (Mondeliz, Mars), retail trading network more seats on the shelf give those posytions that have commercial potential, as well as those brands whose producers are investing in ATL advertising and improve SMM-marketing, in-vlaka to your product in more followers. Active marketing attracts retail and generates high traffic with positive LFL growth from month to month. At the same time, Russian enterprises (holding «United confectioners», «Slavyanka», «Pobeda») are focused on maintaining the quality of existing brands and the consumer's commitment to the taste of the product, without realizing the cost of marketing. This was the reason for the decline in the competitiveness of Russian brands. In the article the authors consider the tool of QFD technology «house of quality», the results of which will be formed the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of Russian brands.
Today the alcohol market in Russian Federation reflects the increase in demand for such products as brandy. The gradual exit of Russia from the economic crisis, and above all the increase in the level of income of the population, increase the demand for products that are in the upper price segment. Demand is growing both for cognac of domestic production and imported cognac, especially produced in France, which in turn causes an increase in the volume of supplied products to the alcohol market of Russia. France is considered one of the best producers of cognac, which is quite justified. The country has a long tradition of making cognac, which is used in their work several large companies such as Hennessy, Remy Martin, Courvoisier, Martel, Hein (in France – 273 cognac houses, of them 268 – small family business, the remaining 5 giants account for about 80% of sales). The analysis revealed the importance of the assortment management process as the direction for the store employees' work, which directly affects the sale of products to the final buyer. The necessity of the periodical review in order to remove uncompetitive and unpopular goods was concluded. Instead of that introducin brand new alcoholic products interesting for buyers is preferred.
The article considers the non-resource non-energy sector as an industry capable of ensuring export diversification through the innovative segments development of the economy. It is noted that today special attention should be paid to the digital space, which is very promising for Russia. The article analyzes relevant prospects of Russian information technology industry development, which is the part of national digital economy and one of the main sources of export potential. Also the author considers strategies for entering the foreign market of several successful Russian exporting companies, which are operating in this industry. The article offers a critical analysis of current export strategy of the national digital economy, with the results of which the author developed proposals to strengthen Russia's position in the conditions of digitalization. In the context of modern transformation processes the author concludes that one of the most promising sources of growth in national exports is the segment of software and services for its development.
The identification of the country of origin is an important aspect of the activities of public authorities. Within the framework of the article, the author proposes to consider the possibility of implementing the principles in practice, according to which the division into goods can be carried out: 1) fully received or produced in the country; 2) in the production of which materials originating from two or more countries are involved; 3) from other States. It is also proposed to supplement the existing list of goods used in the production process, but not taken into account in determining the origin of the final materials, goods used in the production or operation of equipment (lubricating materials, electrical energy). The article deals with the provisions that allow to equate non-passing elements included in the set with domestic ones, if their value in relation to the price of the finished product does not exceed 15%, proposals for improving document flow and statistics, including parallel accounting of production by organizations having the conclusion of the Ministry of industry and trade of Russia on confirmation of production in the territory of the Russian Federation in order to provide state support. The novelty and reliability of the research in the article is achieved by applying the system approach and scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, as well as regulatory, empirical, comparison, etc.
The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by the accelerated process of globalization of all spheres of human life and the rapid growth of science-intensive technologies. These processes have a significant impact not only on the economy but also on education. In this regard, the author focuses on the problems of integration of Russian education into the world community. The study was conducted on the basis of methods of comparative analysis, systematic and situational approaches. The theoretical basis of the research is the work of Russian and foreign scientists aimed at studying the key trends in the development of the world community and the main challenges facing the system of world education. The author also conducted an analytical review of scientific literature, the results of which summarized the foreign and Russian experience.The author concludes that a new model of education is being formed, the principal difference of which is that education becomes continuous throughout life and actively develops in the conditions of digitalization. At the same time, the modern system of higher education becomes the Foundation of globalization, erasing ethnic, cultural and information differences.
ISSN 2414-4649 (Online)
