The article reveals the various approaches of Western authors to the regenerative economy in its connection with the goals of sustainable development and the reboot of capitalism. The two-tier regenerative economy model, which includes the circular economy and the green economy, heavily emphasizes its environmental component. The authors of the article propose to use the model of a three-tier regenerative economy, supplementing it with an economy of sharing consumption and use. The regenerative economy is seen as a multi-ecosystem, including the ecosystems of the circular, green and sharing economies. The article gives interpretations of sustainable development based on traditional approaches and regenerative sustainable development.

The paper examines the main arguments defending and rejecting fixed exchange rate regimes. It argues that, contrary to what is claimed and in line with practice, these types of regimes have more advantages than disadvantages. They make trade and international coordination significantly more efficient and predictable. Many of the arguments about the loss of degrees of freedom in monetary and macroeconomic policy-making, and the loss of sovereignty, need to be relativised. This is done in this first part of the paper. In the second part, to be published in the next issue, we present different institutional forms that can overcome the problems surrounding fixed exchange rates in different ways, namely currency boards and dollarization, capital controls, and different models of clearing unions.

The modern international energy agenda is aimed at solving the problem of climate change and at developing clean energy technologies. Prospects of the world energy market related to hydrogen technologies in some cases lead to the adoption of insufficiently substantiated geopolitical and mutually beneficial technological solutions. In this regard, there is a progressive transition from carbon fuel to post-carbon (hydrogen), the paradigm of world energy is changing. The actual question arises of how this transformation will affect the energy security of the countries of the world. The intensification of strategic initiative for the development of hydrogen energy sources is an economically controversial but necessary step in terms of social and environmental effects. The article attempts to consider hydrogen from the point of view of an integral assessment of its characteristics and new geopolitical realities. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the impact of the upcoming energy crisis, which changed approaches to European energy security, has not yet been sufficiently studied in scientific research against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis and the subsequent sanctions against Russia. In the course of ongoing geopolitical events, the idea of hydrogen transformation requires studying the influence of the above factors in order to understand the upcoming changes and new realities in international energy cooperation.

The article analyzes migration flows around the world and at the regional level from a theoretical and practical point of view. Recently, there have been major migrations and displacements, which have led, among other things, to the death of people. First of all, this is the displacement of millions of people due to military conflicts or serious economic and political instability. The study emphasizes that, despite the limitations of international mobility, migration is an eternal phenomenon, it is accelerating as part of the broader transformations of globalization of trade and economic processes. A summary and analysis of the main statistics of international migration by region, by gender and other indicators is provided. The study showed that the main flows of labor migrants are directed to countries with above-average and high-income incomes. Monetary transfers by labor migrants by regions of the world are analyzed. The importance of these transfers for financing current expenditures and the shortage of cash resources of the population is emphasized, especially for countries in which the inflow of remittances accounts for the bulk of GDP.

Pension strategies in OECD countries, the dynamics of pension fund assets at the beginning of the third century are highlighted in the article. Long term demographic pressure from ageing are accompanied at the end of the second – the beginning of the third decades by pandemic challenges with unstable contributions, slowing expectancy gains in old age, problems of low retirement benefits. After the first year coronavirus pandemic stress, the retirement savings in pension funds grew faster than GDP in the OECD area. Pension fund assets continue growing in almost all countries of the area, with the highest rate in Turkey, Lithuania; also a double-digit growth assets rate in Finland, France, Greece, New Zeeland, the United States, etc. As pension fund assets show large variations across countries, the decline of assets was mentioned in Chile, Peru, Estonia. The largest volume of assets are in the United States pension funds leaving far beyond the assets in each of the other countries; but taking the assets percent of GDP, in the Netherlands, Iceland, Denmark it’s higher than in the United States.

In the context of rethinking globalization, the negative features of the world order model formed by this process and, as a result, the emerging characteristics of a new more harmonious model come to the fore. The purpose of the article is to outline the post-global world, but not as a model of the world order following after a certain time period behind the global world, but as a model of the world order with new qualitative characteristics that eliminate the shortcomings of the previous model. Such a characteristic as multipolarity is presented in more detail, in the formation of which took into account the reports of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference "Greater Eurasia: National and Civilizational Aspects of Development and Cooperation" (University of World Civilizations, Moscow, November 23–24, 2022). Since the literature is dominated by a political approach to multipolarity, the authors attempted to shed more light on the economic aspect of the problem. The hypothesis of polycentricity in integration associations is also developed.

The article analyzes the state of the economy of the EAEU countries and suggests measures to implement the opening opportunities in response to the "wave" of growth of a new technological way of life. The EAEU states need a powerful impetus to renew the basic potential in order to concentrate the available resources on priority areas of modernization and economic development. Its organization consists in increasing the savings rate from the current 18–20% of GDP to 35–40% of GDP, focusing investments on breakthrough areas of growth of a new technological way of life and modernization of the economy based on it. The source of financing for these investments may be a targeted credit issue organized by monetary authorities in accordance with centralized priorities.

The article analyzes the most important shifts in the indicators of globalization of the world economy. The author attempts to give a retrospective analysis of Russia's participation in international trade, the movement of capital, labor, knowledge and its monetary and settlement relations with the outside world over the past 3 decades. The author comes to the conclusion that the globalization of the Russian economy in the last 3 decades has brought the country a lot of wins and losses, the balance of which was formed in different ways. But 2022 became after the mid-1990s. another turning point in this process and, along with positive changes (acceleration of import substitution), this turning point carries threats, first of all, a reduction in the inflow of knowledge and capital. The turning point in the globalization of the Russian economy that has emerged in recent years and occurred in 2022 is caused mainly by political, not economic reasons.

The geography of Russia's foreign trade, which is experiencing a period of profound transformational changes, acquires radically new contours. The Western states, which for a long time occupied dominant positions in the exports and imports of the Russian Federation, are being replaced by the countries of the global South – regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. This process has been developing for more than a decade, but has now been radically accelerated in the face of sanctions and restrictions imposed on the Russian economy and trade, and the almost complete curtailment of Russia's business ties with the collective West. The countries of the global South, the informal leader of which is the economically successful China, are promoting their own agenda in the field of international trade, which opens up wide opportunities for Russia, but it also poses a new challenge – the need to build mutually beneficial business relations with dozens of different Asian, African and Latin American countries. Solving this problem requires rebooting the system of Russian foreign trade relations and developing a scientifically based and feasible strategy for cooperation with the regions of the global South. In doing so, it is necessary to take into account both the factors that bring all developing countries closer together and also regional and national specificities, which form an extremely diverse picture of the specific interests of individual States. The scientific novelty of this article, the author of which relies on the fruitful methodology developed by R. I. Khasbulatov, consists in a comparative analysis of trade relations of the Russian Federation with each of the largest regions of the global South: Asia, Africa and Latin America. The paper reveals both the specific features of Russian-Asian, Russian-African and Russian-Latin American trade, and the general features inherent in business relations of domestic enterprises with partners in the global South. The main conclusion of the study is that the development of trade relations with friendly countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America on the principles of friendshoring is becoming a key link in the foreign economic strategy, the main content of the turn of Russia's trade flows from the western (northern) to the eastern (southern) direction.

In the past few years, the international exchange of goods and services has faced two unprecedented shocks – a pandemic and increased geopolitical tensions. These shocks significantly weaken international trade, slow down the development of global supply chains and cause serious damage to the global economy as a whole. This article considers the problems of sustainability of international trade in goods and services in the light of the analysis of new triggers for its development, as well as taking into account the changed context for exporting and importing countries. The author came to the conclusion that the established patterns of participation of countries in international trade will undergo significant changes. The main directions for increasing the stability of global supply chains, as well as Russia's participation in it in the face of severe sanctions pressure, are identified. The prospects for the development of international trade are assessed by us as gloomy and uncertain, and exchange risks are elevated. A number of areas of international trade policy that could be effective for adjusting current trade relations between countries were discussed.

The increase in exports of agricultural and food products from India to the world market gave an impetus to the author to study the measures of the country's agricultural export policy. The transition to an export-oriented development model announced at the end of the twentieth century led to the development of new approaches to foreign trade policy. Export promotion measures in the field of agriculture were prepared taking into account the peculiarities of agri-cultural production in India and were of a systematic nature. They included: political mecha-nisms, in particular the involvement of state governments; infrastructure and logistical support; economic stimulation of exports, including the creation of special export zones (agricultural clusters), attracting private investment in production and processing. Important attention was paid to the organization of the electronic National Agricultural Market (E-NAM), the digital platform of the Agri Exchange APEDA, the modernization of seaports intended for the export of agricultural goods. The result of the agrarian policy was two points – an increase in the growth rate of agricultural production and an increase in agricultural exports. The volume of exports of agricultural goods has more than tripled over the past decade and a half, and the export basket of these goods has significantly expanded. India has become the world's leading rice exporter, has become one of the world market leaders in exporting such non-traditional goods for the country as fish and aquaculture products, meat, milk and dairy products, and has also retained its traditional cotton and sugar markets.

The article analyzes the Chinese-Brazilian trade in agri-food products. The importance and complementarity of bilateral trade flows are revealed; Brazil's growing inter- and intra-industry specialization in the supply of agricultural raw materials while maintaining a negative balance for the Chinese side. There was a significant lag between the net exporter and the importer in terms of the global food security index and the presence of a higher prevalence of malnutrition among the population. The decline in the already low share of agri-food products in total exports from China to Brazil is determined by the growth of domestic consumption of a variety of food products of domestic production and China's international specialization in the field of non-agricultural products with medium and high levels of added value. The main changes in tariff and non-tariff measures for regulating mutual trade have been identified. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between investment and trade policy of China, whose companies invest in the agro-industrial complex and infrastructure of Brazil in various forms, including international business mergers and acquisitions, construction from scratch, creation of joint ventures. The factors, risks and prospects of further development of the Sino-Brazilian agricultural trade are identified, taking into account the geopolitical effects of the possible substitution of large-scale purchases of soybeans from the United States with Brazilian supplies to China.