The article examines the first most important consequences of the Western bloc's sanctions policy for the global and Russian economy. The purpose of the work: on the basis of systematization of sanctions instruments grouped into 3 packages – financial blockade, foreign economic barriers, curtailment of scientific and technical cooperation, to check the mutual effectiveness of their aftereffects. As a result of the author's analysis of the practice of sanctions pressure on the example of the US economy, the European Union and the Russian Federation, the working hypothesis of the study was confirmed: the complete isolation of the Russian economy sought by the initiators of sanctions pressure did not take place. However, the sanctions policy of the West has had a significant impact on the system of the world economy. And this influence is multidirectional and generally negative. Long-term economic growth in conditions of relative external isolation will now have to be ensured by the domestic economy of the Russian Federation, relying on the preservation and multiplication of human capital and with the help of broad state protectionism. The author suggests possible directions of adjustment of the Russian general economic policy: the docking of a set of measures for the near, medium and long-term prospects; priority development of the domestic economy with an emphasis on the preservation and augmentation of human capital; exclusion of options for autarkic development.

For Russia, the political situation in the Persian Gulf region is of fundamental importance due to the size of its resource potential, its significant role in the global energy sector, geographical proximity, and the influence of the Arabian countries on the Muslim population of our country. The relative political stability and economic weight of the Arabian monarchies serve as the basis of the new – Arabian vector of Russia's Middle East policy. The influence of the monarchies of the Persian Gulf zone, primarily the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is growing in the region. The author tried to answer the question: what are the opportunities and prospects for establishing partnership relations between Russia and Saudi Arabia? Besides cooperation in the settlement of regional conflicts and the fight against international terrorism, the creation of a collective security zone in the Persian Gulf, coordination of actions in the oil market, bringing economic relations to a new qualitative level, and the development of humanitarian contacts are the most realistic areas of rapprochement.

The article the author notes that China approached the twentieth Congress of the CPC with contradictory results. On the one hand, there are many important, profound, historical achievements that have transformed the People's Republic of China in various fields, strengthening its position as the second economy of the world. And on the other hand, there are a number of problems left over from the previous period of reform and development, as well as new challenges to the world economy, politics, and the coronavirus pandemic. The article analyzes China's achievements in socio-economic life, reveals the problems and tools to solve them. In the article, the author puts forward the thesis about the division of China's economic reform into two major, fundamental periods – the period of adaptation, localization of foreign innovations and technologies and the period of transition to development based on their own, national innovations. The author reveals the main features of the second period in the development of the Chinese economic reform, including the course towards a new development architecture, emphasizes both the presence of achievements and problems. It is announced that after the twentieth Congress of the CPC, a new campaign will begin in the country on the way to the realization of the Chinese dream with great hopes and determination.

The solution to the problem of the global energy transition requires re-consideration of the role of nuclear energy in the energy mix of the future. The importance of nuclear energy in the global energy complex seems to increase across the world, especially due to the rising prices for fossil energy resources. A number of developing countries around the world are considering programs for the construction of nuclear power plants of large or small capacity, offered by foreign partners. This trend emphasizes the relevance of analyzing the economic effects of the development of nuclear energy in developing countries that are already successfully using nuclear energy technologies to assess the prospects for international trade in nuclear energy technologies. The article discusses the contribution of nuclear energy to the economic growth of developing countries based on the analysis of the direct and indirect economic effects of the development of nuclear energy in developing countries. The article identifies the areas of this impact and determines the main problems and features of the introduction of nuclear energy into the energy complex of a developing country. The paper concludes on the significant impact of nuclear energy on the socio-economic development of the country and the important role of developing countries in determining the positions of nuclear energy in the energy complex of the green world economy.

In the article, the authors analyzed the activities of pharmaceutical companies in the world in the field of research and development (R & D) on the basis of international and Russian statistics. The financing of R & D in pharmaceuticals traditionally retains its decisive role in the development of both the industry as a whole and the global economy and the social sphere in the conditions of the outpacing growth of the age qualification of the world's population, which is the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to identify new trends in the development of investment and R&D in the pharmaceutical industry. The authors conducted quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the parameters of pharmaceutical companies' activities in the field of research and development in the last decade and identified a number of fundamentally new trends, such as the emergence of new pharmaceutical technologies, evaluation of healthcare technologies by society/the state, digitalization (including digital interaction with customers whose base is becoming more diversified), price growth on drugs and research risks, transformation of the industry's business strategies and more flexible project management due to the impact of COVID-19, including in the field of research, development and investment in the pharmaceutical industry.

The article is devoted to the search for opportunities for reindustrialization of depressed border ultracontinental territories in the context of the implementation of China's strategic initiative "One Belt One Road". The purpose of the study is to find ways to restore and develop economic ties between two border regions – the Altai Territory in the Russian Federation and East Kazakhstan, as the hypothesis of the study is the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of their joint activities. The object of research in the article is the cross-border area between Rubtsovsk and Semey and their adjacent territories. On the basis of a system-dialectical approach, the possibilities of creating a Rubtsovo-Semey industrial and innovative hub within the Altai Territory and the East Kazakhstan region are analyzed. The authors conclude that such cooperation can open up new opportunities for industries producing resource-intensive consumer goods, given the traditional ties and proximity of cultures of the population living here. The article defines the specialization of territories and the existing level of interaction between regions. The authors substantiate the sectors of the economy that are promising for development in the cluster. The role of Turksib for the reindustrialization of depressed cross-border territories is shown. A concept for the development of a future cross-border industrial cluster is proposed, which is one of the scientific results of the study.

The analysis of the possibilities and directions of Russian-Hungarian bilateral cooperation in the field of pharmaceuticals carried out by the authors allowed us to assert that in the conditions of anti-Russian Western sanctions, the situation in the domestic pharmaceutical industry in terms of demand and supply of medicines has significantly worsened. The pharmaceutical industry remains important both from the point of view of ensuring public health and national security in this area, and high innovation. The authors conclude that it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation in this area, especially with states that traditionally have high achievements in it and a long history of interaction with Russian structures. One of these countries is Hungary. The article emphasizes that both countries are interested in cooperation in this area, relying on the ties traditionally formed during the socialist period and a certain complementarity. It is also noted that under the conditions of sanctions, the Russian pharmaceutical industry maintains both positive dynamics and maintains a high level of competitiveness of manufacturers in the domestic market.

The development of national exports of business services is indicative of the competitiveness of domestic business services. Today, the global business services market is undergoing a transformation against the background of trends such as the intellectualization of business services and the digitalization of service delivery methods. These trends may allow us to reveal the previously unrealized (until 2022) potential of the Russian export of business services. Despite the sufficient demand for Russian services in segments with such a high knowledge component as engineering, design and architectural services, Russia was mainly an importer of business services. Today, Russian business service providers face the need to reorient exports to new markets, which is associated not only with the usual difficulties of redirecting business, but also with the specifics of the business services themselves. Thus, in the segments of intellectually capacious services, Russian exporters are faced with the need to ensure compliance with the qualification requirements for obtaining admission to participate in the market. In addition, in the new prospective markets, business services are developed in varying degrees, often at a lower level than in the countries of the traditional direction of Russian exports of business services, which is due to the cultural peculiarities of doing business. To provide state support for the export of business services in developing countries, it is necessary to take into account their features that determine the possibilities of marketing promotion of Russian exporters, namely: the importance of the professional reputation of the performer, business networking, private business initiatives. The main task of Russian exporters of business services in new markets is to gain consumer confidence.

The article examines the current trends in the development of Russia's foreign trade relations, namely the formation of new vectors of cooperation on the international market against the background of anti-Russian sanctions policy, as well as under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the processes of digital transformation of the world economy and trade. The author concludes that at the present stage, the Russian economy is in a state of uncertainty associated with strong geopolitical tensions, the coronavirus pandemic, disruptions in global supply chains and other negative external and internal factors. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals to support Russian producers in the interests of expanding the geography of exports to friendly countries, as well as protecting the national economy from the impact of risks. As the analysis showed, in the conditions of actual transformation processes among Russia's trading partners, interaction with countries such as China and Turkey has the greatest potential, given their interest in cooperation and refusal to impose anti-Russian sanctions. In addition, Turkey is an important transit hub for Russian imports. The article concludes that the prospects for promoting and increasing the volume of Russian exports are largely associated with China and Turkey. Within the framework of this study, a set of measures to support domestic producers to expand the geography of Russian exports towards other countries has been formulated.

The article analyzes international examples of the development of the image of territories and the creation of a city brand, gives marketing recommendations for the development of large and small settlements. Territories need marketing in order for management entities to achieve their goals at various levels. To do this, it is necessary to form a conceptual approach to the marketing of territories. Currently, modern countries, regions and cities need not only to offer a product demanded by the consumer (in our case, territories), but also to attract the attention of their target audience. It is difficult to overestimate the role of territory marketing in today's rapidly changing world. Territorial branding contributes to success in all areas of activity, both large and small settlements. These tools help them develop and give impetus to social change. These tools help to find development opportunities and even give them.

The article analyzes the positions of the world's leading economies in global value chains since the 60s of the XX century. The features of the formation of modern key centers of production chains, including China, the USA and Germany, are reflected. The analysis of the share of participation of ten leading economies of the world and Russia in global value chains, including in such sectors of the economy as agro-industrial, industrial, construction, services and mining, was carried out. It was revealed that in all the sectors of the economy considered, China managed to reach the first positions, with the exception of the mining sector, where the leading positions remain for the United States, followed by Russia. It is established that the decline in the share of developed economies in global value chains has led to the introduction of sanctions against those countries whose economic opportunities and prospects have served as a threat to the sustainable development of the former, primarily against China and Russia. The analysis of the transformation of Russia's trade relations with key partners has been carried out since 2013, when the dependence of the Russian economy on imports was maximum and at the same time the Western bloc of countries imposed the first sanctions against our country. Possible prospects for further development of both the Russian economy and other countries playing a key role in the future formation of the entire world economy are presented.

The purpose and objectives of this article are determined by the pressing need for acceleration of the digitization dynamics in the international trade. The article emphasizes that in the modern time digital transformation is the key and biggest trend in the global trade business and its retail seсtor. The study has also provided a review related to the experiences of the top and leading global e-commerce countries. The features of the regulation of digital trade in the United States, China, India, and the European Union are identified and summarized. It is shown the World Trade Organization should play the key role in the process of unification and standardization of digital trade rules. The author provides recommendations on the key elements of a legally binding multilateral digital trade agreement and position of Turkmenistan in the context of accession to the World Trade Organization.