The purpose of this article is the research the key aspects of the unstable development of the world economy at the present stage. The context of international economic relations is changing in view of the escalation of trade conflicts, the slowdown in economic growth and the search for balanced effective trade and economic policies. A number of problems arising from the shocks of economic development are shown, in particular the problem of poverty and increasing inequality in the distribution of income on a global scale: the problem of the high debt of developed countries and the unstable conditions of their public finances; a significant degree of uncertainty over the foreign interests of large corporate capital of the United States in the context of growing technological competition. It was proved that China's role in a number of aspects of the world economy 's reconfiguration will depend on a number of its capabilities to overcome various exogenous shocks, liberalize the national services market, form alternative regional trade agreements, and offset the negative impact of toxic tariffs and currency problems arising from the trade conflict with the United States. In general, there is considerable uncertainty in the world, with further multilateralism, the formation of new poles of economic development and the need to reform the established system of global economic regulation, which will increasingly focus on the protection of investment, intellectual property and the environment, subsidizing and regulating international trade in digital goods and services.

The period of Trump’s presidency brought a new wave of changes in the country’s foreign trade policy, which will be one of the topics in the United States presidential campaign for the election 2020. Trying to make agreements fair for the US, to reduce the trade deficit, the administration’s policy became more protectionist compared with previous ones, but after raising tariffs there is a turn to agreements with trade partners – renegotiating with Canada and Mexico, Japan; the economic and trade agreement between the government of the United States and the government of China. The agreement between the US and China is an important step for stopping the escalation of trade tensions between two countries leading in international trade.  At the same time Expanding trade, which according to the Agreement means raising Chinese purchases of American goods and services, may become a challenge to other exporters to China, including Brazil, Argentina, Australia, EC.

The article discusses the institutional aspects of the international health insurance market, namely the features of the functioning of the largest private companies specializing in health insurance. Traditionally, the activities of health insurance companies operating in the field of voluntary medical insurance are of little research interest, since state paternalism in the medical field prevails in Russia and in many European countries. However, studies show that the demand for paid medical services in the world for various reasons is growing and, accordingly, the demand for voluntary medical insurance from leading private players in the health insurance market is growing. The article presents the interaction scheme of the main participants of the international health insurance market, gives an author's typology of companies specializing in health insurance, analyzes the main indicators of their activities and identifies trends in the further development of the health insurance business. the key ones are the growth and increase in the share of health insurance companies in international ratings, the transformation of legal forms of insurance companies, enlargement of health insurance organizations through mergers and acquisitions, the formation of strategic alliances and the acquisition of IT platforms, the expansion of international activities of insurance companies with a tendency towards globalization.

Over the past two decades, Asian countries have become serious competitors to the developed countries of the world in international markets and have occupied high positions in the ranking of global competitiveness. The article shows the sources of formation and ways of developing the competitive advantages of these countries. The high positions of Asian countries in world competitiveness ratings are closely related to achieving dynamic economic development of these countries and improving the living standards of population. The article analyzes the main factors that determined the success of Asian countries in international competition, including internal competition, which stimulated the development of skilled labor, related technologies and infrastructure. Active domestic competition has contributed to structural reforms and the preservation of macroeconomic stability. The drivers of Asian economic progress are the two largest economies in the region – India and China. At the same time, among the world leaders in the global competitiveness ratings, there are small-sized economies of the region. An analysis of the strong and weak positions of Asian countries in the key components of the global competitiveness index allows to show the useful experience of the countries of the region in the effective use of factor conditions of competitiveness, creating a favorable climate for intraindustry competition, and stimulating domestic and foreign demand.

The world economy and international economic relations are going through a process of fundamental changes. After the average growth in the volume of world exports and imports recovered, it slowed again and may slow further. The US economic policy under Trump’s presidency has modified their trade connections with the world, providing new challenges in international economic relations in many ways. The trade slowdown is often attributed to the US – China contradictions but this is not the only reason. The United States–China trade relations have effects not only on these countries, but on their other trading partners and the whole world trade climate. Meanwhile, using a wide range of instruments against trade partners the US president administration also faced new tariffs from them. At the same time the growth rate of trade in services is much higher than in goods, with all regions of the world registered increases in the export of services. The paper investigates main trends and challenges for the international trade at the end of the second decade; transformation of trade relations between main economic and trade centers in the world.

Today Eurasianism is a unique synthesis of historical, cultural, and socio-political views and concepts that can become the basis for further development of integration processes. The article examines the main historical stages of the development of Eurasianism, and examines the views of their founders. The main ideologies of Eurasianism are presented, the prerequisites for creating a common Eurasian space are shown, and the role of the Eurasian space in the development of the geopolitical and geo -economic processes is studied.

In conditions of todays modern world economy to achieve main goals of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) EAEU members continue to pursue concerted and coordinated policy in different trade spheres including the energy sector, which has a significant role in deepening foreign trade cooperation and implementation of oil and gas industry projects. This is evidenced by a large share of goods of 27th group of the Trade Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activities in the EAEU export. This article includes analysis of the EAEU foreign and mutual trade for the period 2016 – 2018, January – November 2019 and trends in the trade indicators of hydrocarbons export during these periods. The article contains an information about global gas projects of Russia.

The main trend of Russian-Mongolian foreign trade cooperation is addressed in the article. There is a conclusion describe on the reviews of the dynamics and product structure of Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover with the main foreign trade partners which demonstrates that Mongolia’s dependence on China in the trade and economic spheres is strengthening. Russia takes the second place after China among Mongolia’s foreign trade partners. The expansion of trade and economic cooperation between countries is the main direction of bilateral relations development. However, the share of Russia in the total foreign trade turnover of Mongolia tends to decrease. In addition, the commodity structure of Russian-Mongolian trade is characterized by a mono structural nature, which makes it vulnerable to external factors. The unbalanced commodity structure of export-import operations indicates insufficient use of the existing potential of Russian-Mongolian cooperation. The author concludes that it is necessary to intensify trade, economic cooperation between the countries, as well as expand non-primary bilateral commodity exchange. A promising area for enhancing bilateral cooperation is the implementation of investment projects in mining and processing industries, tourism, transport modernization, logistics and energy infrastructure.

The article shows that foreign trade is one of the key factors in the economic development of the Russian Federation. Its role was studied during the sanctions period, it was revealed that foreign trade helps to strengthen the position of the national currency, increase the budget revenues, attract foreign investment, technology and other resources, create new jobs, and can also serve s an incentive for the production of high value added products, which will be competitive and in demand in global markets. The retrospective analys of the results of the foreign trade of the Russian Federation during the period of sanctions pressure allowed us to obtain the following results: after the recession period (2014–2016), due to the beginning of the sanctions and the unfavorable situation on world commodity markets, an increase in the value of the Russian foreign trade turnover is observed. It was revealed that, despite the existing sanctions, foreign trade cooperation continues to develop dynamically in new promising areas, which include the Asia-Pacific region.

Modern society is very attentive to the external beauty of a person and the mass media promote this as an attribute of success in all spheres of life. Attractiveness and youth are a kind of global trend, turning into adoration. They dictate a change in the values and preferences of the consumers. The purchase of natural and organic products, a healthy lifestyle and the preservation of youth determine the interest in aesthetic medicine. The younger generation of consumers goes further in this trend and consumes aesthetic medicine services proactively. The transformation of consumer behavior is stimulated by constantly comparing themselves to images of celebrities. Advertising messages, blogosphere emphasize the internal advantages of external attractiveness, allowing the consumer to feel more confident. According to generational theory, the behavior of people belonging to different age groups is not the same. Baby boomers and generation X are turning to aesthetic medicine because of age-related changes. Millennials and generation Z are not affected by this problem because of their youth. But, nevertheless, they are actively used by all services for the correction of age-related changes and to improve appearance. They are more afraid of aging than previous generations, because they live in an era of total ageism.

The article researches the legislative and administrative measures taken to improve the investment climate in Russia and Finland, and it is noted that the legal framework regulating foreign investment in these countries keeps developing. A brief analysis of investment in Russian economy for the last decade is carried out, and an accent to the investment potential of our country is given. The background of the Russian legislation on investment and its analysis is given, the major integration associations created on the Russian initiative are outlined. Two main legislation groups regulating foreign investment in both countries, Russia and Finland, are distinguished, the dynamics of arising of businesses with foreign participation is examined. The legislative regulation of foreign investment in Russia and the investment flow levels in both Russia and Finland are compared, the volume of foreign investment flow to these countries is revealed. The analysis of the impact of the Western countries sanctions policy impact on investment in the Russian economy and national economy of Finland are carried out. It is stressed that despite sanctions pressure, Russia and Finland remain important trading partners. The conclusion is drawn on that Russian legislation in power and statutes and regulations of Finland create the legal base for back-to-back investment for these countries, enhancing the competitiveness of national economies.

In response to the Fourth industrial revolution, the ICT and interstate cooperation are becoming increasingly important for the development of the digital economy. In line with this trend, Russia is also working on its development, creating a program «Digital economy» in 2017. As Western sanctions continue, Russia is now interested in finding and establishing new cooperative relations with the NEA countries. This can reduce economic dependence on Europe. Three NEA countries – China, the Republic of Korea and Japan – have a fairly high level of ICT development, which is the core of the digital economy. Therefore, it is advisable to establish complementary relations with Russia, which seeks to borrow new advanced foreign technologies for its further development. Currently, Russia and the three NEA countries are demonstrating their desire to establish mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of high technologies, but the main activities in each country may differ slightly. This article analyzes the intergovernmental sciens and technology cooperation since 2000, as well as the features of cooperation with each country and possible areas of interaction in the digital economy.

For several centuries, Turkey remains an important subject of international politics for Russia. This is due, firstly, to the geographical proximity of the two states, and secondly, to the desire to ensure internal security and regional security, in which Russia and Turkey have been actively involved in recent years. The fight against terrorism, namely with such terrorist organizations as ISIS, etc. is one of the significant areas in the cooperation of the two countries. Turkey needs to develop partnerships in the military-technical sphere with Russia, which has rich experience, to ensure security in the country. This article is devoted to the study of cooperation between Russia and Turkey in the military-technical sphere. Statistical material characterizing the state of the global arms market is given, in the course of the analysis, leaders in the global arms market were identified, and positions in Russia and Turkey were shown; the role of the Russian and Turkish military-industrial complex for the domestic economy is defined; the previous experience of cooperation in the military-industrial complex, and the agreements between Russia and Turkey are  analyzed, the current state of military-technical cooperation between Russia and Turkey is assessed. As a result of the study, factors that influence the development of bilateral ties were identified and promising areas of military-technical cooperation were proposed.