Political economy and sanctions against Russia: causes and consequences, expert opinion
https://doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-3-7-23
Abstract
The article analyzes the nature of international sanctions in the XXI century from the point of view of political economy. It is shown that sanctions are destructive not only for the target countries of sanctions, but also destructive for the States imposing these sanctions. The author comes to the conclusion that the main reason for sanctions is traditionally a fundamental global crisis, which, in fact, marks the process of changing the hegemon in the world economy. It is in an attempt to maintain its dominant position and not having basic economic and even political capabilities for this, as well as resources, losing competition to new potential leaders, that the hegemon applies such measures as sanctions. The author emphasizes that the West is applying increasingly stringent sanctions against Russia, which are not something fundamentally new for our country, which faced sanctions pressure back in the early twentieth century. In this regard, our country is forced to solve the serious problems that have arisen, as well as the countries that initiated the sanctions.
The State uses numerous instruments to support the national economy.
About the Author
E. V. PonomarenkoRussian Federation
Elena V. Ponomarenko. Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Economy
6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198
References
1. Aydrus I. A. Z., Ivanov A. L. Ekonomicheskie sanktsii i imprortozameshchenie v prodovolstvennom sektore Rossii [Economic Sanctions and Import Substitution in the Food Sector of Russia]. Innovatsionnaya ekonomika [Innovation Economy], 2017, No. 2 (11), p. 12. (In Russ.).
2. Bolshaya Evraziya-2030: analitika razvitiya, bezopasnosti i sotrudnichestva [Greater Eurasia-2030: Analysis of development, Security and cooperation], analiticheskiy doklad na IV Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii [Analytical Report of the IV International Conference]. Moscow, 2017. (In Russ.).
3. Byasharova A. R., Achalova L. V. Analiz dvustoronney torgovli Rossii i Germanii v usloviyakh sanktsiy [Analysis of Bilateral Trade between Russia and Germany Under Sanctions]. Mezhdunarodnaya torgovlya i torgovaya politika [International Trade and Trade Policy], 2022, Vol. 8, No. 2 (30), pp. 148-161. (In Russ.).
4. Glazev S. Yu. Sanktsii SSHA i politika Banka Rossii: dvoynoy udar po natsionalnoy ekonomike [US Sanctions and the Policy of the Bank of Russia: a Double Blow to the National Economy]. Voprosy ekonomiki [Questions of Economics], 2014, No. 9, pp. 13-29. (In Russ.).
5. Gosudarstvennaya podderzhka importozameshcheniya [State Support for Import Substitution]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://ppt.ru/art/podderzhka/gosudarstvennaya-podderzhka-importozameshcheniya (accassed 29.08.2022).
6. Zagashvili V. S. Zapadnye sanktsii i Rossiyskaya ekonomika [Western Sanctions and the Russian Economy]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 2015, No. 11, pp. 67-77. (In Russ.).
7. Kalmykov A. Rossiya pod sanktsiyami. Chto uzhe vveli, chem eshche grozyat i kogda otmenyat? [Russia under Sanctions. What has Already Been Introduced, What Else Will be Done and When Will It Be Canceled?]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-60833598&cd=1&hl=ru&ct=clnk&gl=ru (accassed 29.08.2022).
8. Melanina M. V. Ekonomicheskie sanktsii v mirovoy ekonomike: teoreticheskie aspekty [Economic Sanctions in the World Economy: Theoretical Aspects]. Mirovaya ekonomika v XXI veke: Value and Values : sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [World Economy in the XXI Century: Value and Values: Collection of Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference], edited by I. A. Aydrus. Moscow, 2019, pp. 100-104. (In Russ.).
9. Ponomarenko E. V. Evolyutsii teoriy mirovykh krizisov i sovremennost [Evolution of Theories of World Crises and Modernity]. Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba [Public Service], 2010, No. 5, pp. 40-45. (In Russ.).
10. Ponomarenko E. V. Evolyutsiya teoriy mirovykh krizisov i sovremennost [Evolution of Theories of World Crises and Modernity] Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba [Public Service], 2010, No. 6, pp. 55-57. (In Russ.).
11. Popova E. «Uzhe ne prosto ugrozy»: SSHA idut va-bank ["It's Not Just Threats Anymore": the US is Going all in]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://ria. ru/20220804/kitay-1806955053.html
12. Portanskiy A. P. Antirossiyskie sanktsii - mery destruktivnye i kontrproduktivnye [Anti-Russian Sanctions - Destructive and Counterproductive Measures]. Dengi i kredit [Money and Credit], 2014, No. 10, pp. 8-10. (In Russ.).
13. Putin ne isklyuchil inflyatsiyu v Rossii okolo 12% po itogam goda [Putin did not rule out Inflation in Russia of about 12% at the End of the Year]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/07/09/2022/631840c69a79470cf3ff5201 (accassed 29.07.2022).
14. Pod sanktsii SSHA popali 6 rossiyskikh milliarderov iz spiska Forbes [Russian Billionaires from the Forbes List Fell under US Sanctions]. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/02/08/2022/62e94e729a79476336f5fb6b (accassed 29.07.2022).
15. Sanktsii Zapada protiv SSSR. Dose [Western Sanctions Against the USSR. Dossier]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://tass.ru/info/2728444?utm_source=yandex.ru&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=yandex.ru&utm_referrer=yandex.ru (accassed 29.07.2022).
16. Shkvarya L. V. Rossiysko-evropeyskie sanktsii i ikh vliyanie na regionalnye i globalnye ekonomicheskie protsessy [Russian-European Sanctions and Their Impact on Regional and Global Economic Processes]. Ekonomika i predprinimatelstvo [Economics and Entrepreneurship], 2017, No. 7 (84), pp. 349-353. (In Russ.).
17. Shkvarya L. V. Osobennosti vzaimnoy torgovli Rossii i ES v usloviyakh sanktsiy [Features of Mutual Trade between Russia and the EU under Sanctions]. Nauchnoe obozrenie: teoriya i praktika [Scientific Review: Theory and Practice], 2017, No. 6, pp. 26-34. (In Russ.).
18. Howse R. L., Genser J. M. Are EU Trade Oh hell no on Burma Compatible with WTO Law? Wayback Machine Michigan Journal of International Law, 2008, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 165-96.
19. Mulder N. The Economic Weapon: the Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2022.
20. Mulder N. The Sanctions Weapon. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2022/06/the-sanctions-weapon-mulder (accassed 29.07.2022).
21. Potter P. B. Sanctions and Guaranties in International Organization. American Political Science Review, 2022, Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 297-303. DOI : 10.2307/1943965.
22. Research Handbook on Economic Sanctions, edited by A. G. Peter van Bergeijk. Massachusetts, 2021.
Review
For citations:
Ponomarenko E.V. Political economy and sanctions against Russia: causes and consequences, expert opinion. International Trade and Trade Policy. 2022;8(3):7-23. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-3-7-23