The article is devoted to a new stage in the development of Chinese economic reform – the transition to the accelerated development of new-quality productive forces. It is proved thatn the implementation of the ongoing economic reform in China, two main phases can be distinguished the abandonment of the command management system and the transition to the era of innovative development. The main Chinese concepts leading to the promotion of a new strategy are analyzed: "double circulation", "new development architectonics". Within the framework of this policy, a course based on the internal cycle is conducted with special attention to the external circuit in double circulation. The concept of the formation and use of productive forces of a new quality is being implemented. The objective reasons for advancing the accelerated development of new-quality productive forces, possible achievements and problems are shown. The use of new-quality productive forces should help reduce the demand for natural resources with an emphasis on ecology and non-renewable energy sources. Based on this, a new development model is being formed. As an example, Chinese researchers cite the rapidly developing digital economy in the country, which relies more on new technologies and a database of big data.

The importance of accumulation of intangible assets for changing the model of participation of developing countries in global production chains is considered. The construction of highlycomplex chains in recent decades, based on maximum efficiency of participants, within the framework of creation of global value chains (GVCs), including in developing countries is pointed out. "Offshoring" on the part of economically developed countries, development of national industry, allowed a large number of developing countries to raise indicators of economic development, the level of well-being of residents. But business models of international enterprises, which allow transferring to developing countries only less profitable stages of material production, and leave in economically developed countries more profitable intangible stages of product creation based on intangible assets, raise the issue of the need for enterprises of developing countries to more actively use intangible assets to change the model of their participation in global production chains in order to move to more profitable stages of GVCs. The increasing role of intangible assets in the post-industrial economy, their characteristics are noted, more intensive investment in them compared to tangible assets is indicated, the need for such investment to change the place of the developing countries in the GVC is indicated. The use of such tools for receiving intangible assets as obtaining explicit and implicit knowledge by GVCs participants from leading firms in these chains, import of capital goods to the developing countries, reverse engineering, formation of a first-class brand reputation and positive image, import of human capital is studied. In order to move to more profitable GVCs segments in the developing countries, it is noted that they need to develop an absorbing ability to perceive intangible assets created in other countries. The importance of foreign direct investment and government policy in the field of intellectual property, international trade and investment in the acquisition of intangible assets by firms in developing countries is emphasized

The article analyzes the role of international banking regulation in ensuring the stability and development of the global economy. The mechanisms of banking regulation that promote financial stability and economic growth are proposed. The possible consequences of stricter capital and liquidity standards for banks under the new Basel III scheme are being investigated. The impact of international banking regulation on financial stability and economic growth is assessed. One of the latest trends in the development of the global economy is the use of digital financial assets (CFAs). The article discusses the possibilities and limitations of using CFA as a means of payment in the context of international banking regulation. The distribution of CFA placement volumes between various information system operators, according to data for 2024, showed that ALFA-BANK is the market leader, accounting for half of all placements. A significant share also belongs to Masterchain. The remaining operators have significantly smaller volumes. The article pays special attention to the prospects of adapting international banking regulation to the new challenges associated with digitalization and the development of new technologies. It highlights the need to develop new risk-based approaches to regulation, as well as the importance of international cooperation.

The modern processes of globalization of the world economy are associated with the decarbonization of the energy market. This fact indicates that in the future, the economies of energy exporting countries will increasingly depend on this trend. This article discusses the general issues of the influence of energy exporting countries on the global economy. The process of divergence of the global economy, as well as the impact of sanctions on economic processes, is being investigated. Various scenarios for the development of the above-mentioned processes are analyzed, taking into account the direction of the transition of the world powers to a low-carbon economy. Such a transition is associated with various risks, especially relevant for developing countries. The hypothesis of the study is that in the context of decarbonization and energy transition, energy exporting countries will face technological and market challenges that can significantly affect economic growth and their development prospects. The economic, technological, and social blocks of economic activity of the countries that are the world's main energy suppliers are studied. The conclusions concerning the problems associated with risks for energy exporting countries during the transition of the world's economies to a low–carbon economy and their abandonment of fossil fuels are substantiated. The mechanisms of adaptation of the world market to the changing conditions of functioning of the global economic space are determined. Methods of theoretical modeling, comparative and system analysis were used as a universal means of scientific knowledge. The problems are systematized, the solution of which eliminates the main risks for the countries of the energy exporting group during the transition from fossil fuels to a low-carbon economy with further global decarbonization. As recommendations, the authors propose various scenarios that take into account the prospects for the development of the economies of the main energy exporting countries in the context of decarbonization of energy resources.

The article analyzes the directions of formation and implementation of blue economy projects in Tanzania (including Madagascar), which has access to the sea. The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities and limitations of the blue economy using the example of the United Republic of Tanzania as one of the African countries. The article shows that the global economy is coming to the fore in Tanzania. The state pays great attention to projects in this area, but it has not yet been possible to activate private investment in the sector. Despite the fact that the country has significant blue resources and the potential for their development, they already provide significant employment, albeit with low segment efficiency. Taking into account population growth and the need for sustainable development, it is the blue sectors of the national economy that can become the driver of its stable and long-term growth in the future. At the same time, financing problems are one of the main intractable issues hindering blue projects. Among other problems, as the author notes, there is an insufficient level of blue management, i.e. management of blue resources. Thus, it can be concluded that Tanzania is not yet included in the group of African states – leaders of the blue economy.

The actualization of the global environmental agenda and decarbonization as a global development trend necessitates the study of the experience of various countries around the world, primarily China as the largest producer of industrial products and emitter of CO2, which has a profound impact on the entire global economic system and all its aspects. The importance of combating climate change for China is shown both in terms of participation in the global economic system and the successful development of the national economy. China's approach to the need for international cooperation in combating climate change is presented in order to jointly build a fair, reasonable, mutually beneficial global climate management system and strengthen control over greenhouse gas emissions. The synergy between economic development and reduction of pollution and carbon dioxide emissions is emphasized. The objectives and opportunities of China in the field of decarbonization of the national economy are analyzed. China's initiative to address climate change is described. It is noted that China considers the fight against climate change as an important means of promoting the building of ecological civilization and achieving high-quality development of national economy.

Over the past decade, technology-driven global competition has been steadily intensifying, becoming increasingly integrated into the political, social, and, most importantly, economic systems of the global order. Given the contemporary erosion of globalization trends, particularly stemming from Western nations' actions towards Russia, technological sovereignty is emerging as one of the most promising trends in the world economy. The fundamental objective of this article is to structure the key elements underpinning technological sovereignty and to identify the specific characteristics of their implementation in the most active participating nations in international economic relations: the United States, European Union countries, Russia, and China. The authors' hypothesis posits that if technological sovereignty is a complex and multifaceted category, then all elements of the structural model for its attainment are universal. However, the content and manifestation of these elements may differ depending on the specific developmental characteristics of a territory's economic and technological potential. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development of an original structural model for achieving technological sovereignty. This model serves as the foundation for conducting a cross-national analysis and identifying country specific economic, political, social, and other contextual features influencing the implementation of technological sovereignty in the United States, the European Union, Russia, and China. Throughout the study the author argue that technological sovereignty acts as a crucial instrument for achieving national strategic objectives, and that the process of its attainment may vary depending on the political course pursued by individual nations.

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the structure of Russia's foreign trade in the context of transformation processes. The article analyzes the dynamics of Russia's exports and imports in 2012–2024, as well as changes in the geographical structure of foreign trade, the structure of currency settlements in the context of sanctions restrictions. The results show that despite the initial decline in foreign trade, the Russian economy has shown a high degree of adaptability. In recent years there has been a reorientation of exports to Asian and African countries, an increase in the share of ruble settlements and an acceleration of import substitution processes. The article pays special attention to the role of China as Russia's main trading partner at the current stage of development. The results of the study show that despite the fact that sanctions create short-term imbalances, in the long run they stimulate structural changes that contribute to the strengthening of Russia's economic sovereignty. The transformation processes taking place in the world require further diversification of Russia's foreign economic relations for the development of high-tech industries and to reduce dependence on foreign supplies.

Based on the analysis of international trade in metals, the article substantiates the relevant foreign economic prospects for the Russian metallurgy. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that foreign economic restrictions and international competition create difficulties for Russian metal exports. Intercountry and interspecific comparative analysis with the calculation of increments and shares and logical analysis were used as methods for studying the dynamics of international trade in metals. It has been revealed that the favorable price environment for non-ferrous metals, the continued high global consumption of metals and the geographically diversified demand of Russia-friendly countries for steel imports are positive factors in maintaining and developing Russian metal exports. An important factor is China's reaction to the customs duties imposed on its goods by the United States in April 2025. The significant share of Russia and friendly countries in global metal exports, the distribution of exports between them and their growth make it promising to establish an association of developing metal exporting countries. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the fact that they make it possible to identify both the prospects for increasing the country's exports directly and the prospects for ensuring conditions for its development through the organization of an international export partnership. In the first case, it is proposed to estimate the import values of the goods in question by friendly countries, and in the second case, the export values of the goods in question by the exporting country and partner countries.

Saudi Arabia's policy of creating special economic zones and industrial centers has been studied. It shows both new trends in Riyadh's policy (the creation of specialized economic zones starting in 2023) and the continuing traditional approach for the Kingdom aimed at creating industrial centers with housing and logistics infrastructure. The characteristics of each of the five new special economic zones, including their industry specialization, are given. It was noted that the dynamics of foreign direct investment is lagging behind the planned schedule, and therefore public investment plays an active role. The process of creating special economic zones is considered in the general contest of the Saudi reform program "Vision 2030". It is shown that so called industrial cities played key role in the spatial development and creation of Saudi Arabia's manufacturing landscape from scratch, and they are of greater importance for the Kingdom, than special economic zones. Saudi approach to planning territorial location of industrial cities and their specialization is shown.

With the increasing transport burden on megacities, the development of effective strategies for the sustainable development of transport systems is becoming critically important. The analysis of international experience makes it possible to develop the most rational methods and approaches to solving transport problems in global megacities. The article analyzes the international experience of five leading cities in the world – Tokyo, London, New York, Singapore and Hong Kong, as well as Moscow, which ranks third in the ranking of transport development. The main focus of the research is on the study of innovative marketing strategies that contribute to increasing the attractiveness of public transport, reducing the use of personal cars and improving the environmental performance of urban transport systems. Based on the analysis, a generalized marketing strategy is highlighted, including the improvement of transportation services, the introduction of new services, price incentives, the expansion of the network of services and the promotion of environmentally friendly modes of transport. The study structures marketing initiatives according to the elements of the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), demonstrating their application in different cities. The proposed solutions may be useful for city administrations and transport operators when developing strategies for the development of transport systems.

The article focuses on identifying the specifics of sanctions imposed by the Biden administration against radical Israeli individuals and legal entities actively involved in the settlement movement. The author relies on the Palestinian-Israeli economic peace concept, defining US pressure as its atypical manifestation, as well as on a broad interpretation of the term «sanctions» with the determining significance of their political effect. The dynamics of the US – Israeli relations from the inauguration of the 37th Israeli government to the start of the IDF military campaign in the Gaza Strip with a particular emphasis on the White House's criticism of far-right ministers who rely on settler’s support, statistics and assessment of the reasons for the surge in clashes between Jewish settlers and Palestinians in the West Bank in the pre-US sanctions year of 2023 are analyzed. The Executive Order of the US President No. 14115, regulating restrictions on the active members of the settlement movement, organizations and foundations supporting them, and related documents that directly or indirectly impacted on the nature of the restrictions in connection with the situation in the West Bank are examined; analogies are drawn with similar measures of influence approved by the US in different years towards Syria. The author comes to conclusions that the limited impact of the American sanctions on Israel was a consequence of poorly developed restrictions, the lack of control over their implementation, as well as insufficient consideration of the specifics of the situation in the West Bank, characterized not only by the growth of violence on the part of the most radical settlers, but also by the intensification of inter-Palestinian contradictions.