The paper research three groups of problems: Russia's participation in the new world economic order, overcoming of the economic blockade by Western countries, as well as internal economic problems that hinder the development of the foreign economic sector. Theу partially overlap and are considered in some cases jointly. To specify these problems, the paper uses mainly an empirical analysis of some indicators of the global economy and the foreign economic sector of Russia. The characteristic features of the new world economic order, according to the author, are primarily the following: the changed balance of economic forces in the world; changes in the participation of leading countries in economic globalization by some indicators; economic instability resulting largely from geopolitical instability; the impact of the Fourth industrial revolution on the structure of foreign economic relations. The paper analyzes statistics detailing these characteristic features on the background of other leading economies, as well as draws conclusions from these statistics for Russia. From the author's point of view, the problems of Russia overcoming the economic blockade are primarily related to the effectiveness of the reorientation of the geography of the domestic foreign economic sector, the effectiveness of import substitution, as well as the establishment of international payments. The author considers the main domestic economic problems to be insufficient investment and R&D spending, as well as the weakness of the monetary system. Based on the analysis of those problems, some conclusions are drawn.

   The development of international trade and the fundamental and complex changes that this form of international economic relations has undergone in the last quarter of a century have led to the need to explore the possibilities of accelerating international transport corridors in Greater Eurasia as a factor in increasing and stabilizing trade in this macroregion, developing bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations between the countries, ensuring the sustainability of the socio-economic process and bridging existing gaps between countries in various fields.

   The purpose of the article is to systematize the main directions of development of international transport corridors in Greater Eurasia in terms of the possibility of forming a Eurasian transport framework and ensuring the economic interests of the Russian Federation.

   The author substantiates that it is more expedient for the Russian Federation to pay more attention to transport systems within the framework of the Eurasian international transport corridors, without leaving them at the mercy of other interested parties, even despite the difficulties that this process involves today.

   This article analyzes the current status, key areas, and forms of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. In the context of global challenges (supply chain destabilization, sanctions, energy and food risks), cooperation between countries with complementary interests and positions is acquiring strategic
importance.

   The article aims to conduct a detailed study of the priority areas and forms of economic cooperation between Russia and Sri Lanka, assess their current status, identify the achievements, barriers, and challenges of cooperation, and develop recommendations and promising trajectories for the further development of trade and economic cooperation between these countries.

   The object of the study is bilateral economic cooperation between Russia and Sri Lanka.

   The subject of the research is the key areas and forms of this cooperation, as well as the mechanisms for its development.

   The methodology includes a comparative and systems approach, an analysis of foreign trade statistics, investment relations, and migration flows. The study is based on statistical data on bilateral trade, investment initiatives, and institutional mechanisms for interaction.

   The article analyzes the state and development trends of Russian foreign trade in 2025 in the context of the processes taking place in the world, primarily the increasing global instability, analyzes the factors influencing domestic foreign trade (external and internal) with an emphasis not only on external sanctions, but also on the effects of the domestic policy of the government of the Russian Federation as well as their impact on the long-term trends observed in the domestic economy in recent years.

   The purpose of the article is to provide an overview of domestic foreign trade at the present time and a forecast regarding its development in the short term.

   The author notes that the low innovativeness of domestic foreign trade is largely determined by the highly inertial structure of the economy that has developed over the decades, which remains sluggish and difficult to modernize. Hopes for an improvement, but not a reversal of the situation, can be attributed to increased government support for exporters, through financing programs, improved institutions and logistics infrastructure. The author considers the prospects for getting out of the current situations to be very uncertain, but not hopeless, and the question is very relevant.

   In the article, the relevance of the research is due to the presence of trade agreements between Russia and friendly countries, while the potential of trade with many of them has not yet been fully realized.

   Methods of analysis are applied: logical-comparative (comparison of product groups), structural (commodity-geographical), conjunctural (accounting for price levels in different supplier countries), statistical (analysis of dynamic series - calculation of maxima and minima, growth rates). The methodology has been tested using the example of correlating the non-resource export specialization of the Sverdlovsk region with Tunisian imports.

   The scientific novelty and significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that they make it possible, by applying structural and dynamic analysis to published international trade statistics, to assess the export prospects of a given Russian region to a particular foreign country or group of countries in the context of commodity content, volume, price aspect and geography of sales (if several foreign countries are taken into account).

   An attempt is made to analyze, among other things, the price (correlation of price and functionality) structure of import demand of the selected partner country in order to substantiate the possibilities of using the comparative advantages of the Russian economy.

   The article is devoted to the study of the nature and extent of the application of tariffs in modern international trade. In the course of evolution international trade has gradually become freer, and progress in liberalization has been achieved through the multilateral efforts of countries around the world. However, in recent years, arguments have emerged in favor of trade protectionism. The author analyzes several key aspects of the problem under study, in particular, discusses the controversial issues of a return to trade protectionism and the motives for its use by key economies. An important area of research was the consideration of the main modern trends in the liberalization of international trade and exceptions from it. There is a serious differentiation of countries and industries in terms of the scale of tariff protection. The key challenges for global supply chains and markers of increasing tensions in international trade in general, which stem from the preservation of tariff protection, are formulated.

   The article presents an analysis of the main directions and features of the global transformation of international trade policy in the first quarter of the 21^st century as a system of targeted actions by states, integration associations and other subjects of foreign economic activity, formed as a result of a clash of their interests based on the growth of competition in the world and the actualization of the task of ensuring national economic security, on the one hand, and the need for developed countries. On the other hand, countries should maintain their exclusivity in global economic processes.

   This situation directly affects the economic interests of the Russian Federation, which increases scientific and practical interest in the stated topic.

   In these circumstances, the need to understand the consequences of this transformation, to study the experience of various states reforming their foreign trade policy, in terms of adapting successful experiences for third countries, comes to the fore. The article presents the key implications of the transformation of international trade policy for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council and provides strategic recommendations for the countries of the integration bloc to strengthen the region's position in the global trading system in the future.

   On December 4, 2025, the Trump administration published a new National Security Strategy, fully integrating trade policy into the country's national security system. The Strategy views economic prosperity as the foundation of military strength and the nation's civilizational confidence through rebuilding the industrial base, eliminating trade deficits, and leveraging access to the American market as a tool of geopolitical influence. The transition from globalism and free trade to hard sovereignty and flexible realism is formally enshrined. Cultivating American industrial strength is declared the highest priority of national economic policy.

  The goal is to achieve global leadership in the global economy through the dominance of American technologies and standards, particularly in artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and quantum computing.

   In fact, the entire US national security system is fundamentally integrated with AI technologies. Absolute priority is given to global technological dominance as a national security imperative, based not on traditional political ideology, but motivated above all by what works for the United States based on the principle of 'America First. Victory in the AI race is declared as the beginning of a new golden age of human prosperity, economic competitiveness, and national security for the American people. The goal is to integrate AI into all sectors of the national economy and public administration. AI is regarded as the most important strategic resource of the emerging new industrial and information revolution, capable of decisively transforming the global economy and changing the balance of power in the world. AI has been transformed into a priority instrument of foreign trade policy in the context of the US national security system.

   Under conditions of intensified sanctions pressure and the transformation of the global economic system, digital technologies play a crucial role in adapting the foreign economic activities of Russian regions. This article examines digital instruments as mechanisms for overcoming disruptions in traditional trade, logistics, and financial chains.

   Particular attention is paid to the development of alternative payment infrastructures, including the Bank of Russia’s Financial Messaging System, the digital ruble, and cross-border solutions based on central bank digital currencies.

   The study analyzes the potential of blockchain technologies, digital financial assets, and smart contracts in international trade, as well as the role of electronic trading platforms and state digital export support systems. It is shown that artificial intelligence and big data technologies form an analytical foundation for forecasting sanctions risks, optimizing logistics routes, and automating compliance procedures. Based on the analysis of international experience (Iran, China, DPRK) and Russian practices, the article proposes strategic directions for the digital transformation of regional foreign economic activity, including the creation of a unified digital space within the EAEU, the development of cross-border e-commerce, and accelerated import substitution of critical software.

   The study concludes that digitalization is a key factor in enhancing the resilience of regional economies under sanctions.

   The article shows that the global education market as a segment of the global and growing services market has recently become increasingly important for the countries providing them and for the states creating demand for it.

   The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of the global education market in the 21st century, to identify its main characteristics.

   The article provides a stage-by-stage description of the evolution of the global education market over the past quarter of the century, and identifies new qualitative features of each stage. The key characteristics of the modern global education market, as well as the impact of globalization on these processes, are formulated. The authors substantiate the point of view that it is important for the countries participating in the global education market to form new competitive advantages by improving the quality of education at all levels in the context of globalization and digitalization of education. Globalization and the growth of the middle class in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have created a huge demand for high-quality education, thus increasing the competitiveness of individual countries and universities in the global education market remains their priority and mission.

   Regional economic integration has an increasing appeal in modern conditions of increasing regionalization and fragmentation of the global economy and international economic relations and the reform of a number of regional integration associations. The diversity of approaches – in theory and in practice – to defining the goals and objectives of these associations actualizes their understanding and systematization.

   The purpose of the article is to explore the transformation of the fundamental foundations of international economic integration in terms of modern goals and objectives of its formation/reform.

   It is noted that the formation of regional trade agreements is changing the relationship between the global and regional levels of international trade and its institutional system.

   The author comes to the conclusion that modern integration goals have evolved from narrow economic ones. (to create a common market for the growth of trade in the association) to socially oriented (to create a fair, cohesive and sustainable space to improve the quality of life of all citizens).

   Without solving social problems, economic integration successes lead to political destabilization.

   The article conducts research of innovative and technological systems, taking into account their regional specifics. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of innovative development of leading economies, a regional change of world technological leaders is revealed (the Asian macroregion occupies the prevailing positions) that has occurred over the past decades. In each of the identified regions, a leading actor is determined, the development of the innovation system of which is significantly influenced by regional characteristics, mechanisms for the formation and evolution of national innovation systems. As the main methodological tools of the study, a systematic approach, comparative and statistical analysis of data characterizing the level of innovation and technological development of states were applied.

   It is concluded that the technological leaders of the Asian macroregion are actively looking for ways to increase the efficiency of innovation, optimize technology transfer processes and form organizational structures aimed at obtaining effective research and development results and their implementation.

   The article presents an analysis of the changing positions of the ASEAN integration association in the global economy based on the processes in various fields that have taken place in ASEAN over the past decade.

   The relevance is justified both by the growing importance of the fragmentation of the global economy and integration processes in the world, and by the positive dynamics in ASEAN over the period under study.

   The purpose of the article is to identify the growth factors and systematize the challenges faced by ASEAN, which influence the position of the integration association in the global economic system.

   The authors conclude that ASEAN has significantly strengthened its position in the global economy, despite the growing turbulence of the global economy and politics, including in Asia in 2012-2024. The authors note that ASEAN is a cohesive and strategically important economic bloc that all global players have to reckon with. In the future, its success will depend on its ability to deepen internal integration, manage geopolitical risks, and develop its own technological potential. The data sources were statistical information from the international database of UNCTAD, the IMF, the Asian Development Bank, the ASEAN Secretariat and other international and regional organizations.

   The article examines the dynamics of economic interaction between the United States and the Republic of Mali at the present stage, with a focus on trade relations, investment activity and development assistance. The structural features of Mali’s economy, the country’s resource potential and the factors shaping U.S. interest in cooperation are analyzed. It is shown that bilateral trade remains limited and is characterized by an asymmetric structure: the United States acts primarily as a supplier of industrial and technological products, while Mali’s exports consist mainly of raw materials and agricultural goods. The dynamics of U.S. financial involvement, including foreign direct investment and development program funding, as well as their dependence on the political and economic situation in the region, are examined. A gradual transformation of the U.S. presence is noted: from large-scale aid programs toward a more pragmatic model focused on participation in extractive sector projects and securing access to natural resources.

   The study concludes that Mali occupies a peripheral position in the U.S. external economic system but retains potential significance in the context of resource cooperation and regional stability.

   The findings may be useful for analyzing U.S. foreign economic policy in African countries and assessing the prospects for trade and investment cooperation with the states of the Sahel region.