The paper research three groups of problems: Russia's participation in the new world economic order, overcoming of the economic blockade by Western countries, as well as internal economic problems that hinder the development of the foreign economic sector. Theу partially overlap and are considered in some cases jointly. To specify these problems, the paper uses mainly an empirical analysis of some indicators of the global economy and the foreign economic sector of Russia. The characteristic features of the new world economic order, according to the author, are primarily the following: the changed balance of economic forces in the world; changes in the participation of leading countries in economic globalization by some indicators; economic instability resulting largely from geopolitical instability; the impact of the Fourth industrial revolution on the structure of foreign economic relations. The paper analyzes statistics detailing these characteristic features on the background of other leading economies, as well as draws conclusions from these statistics for Russia. From the author's point of view, the problems of Russia overcoming the economic blockade are primarily related to the effectiveness of the reorientation of the geography of the domestic foreign economic sector, the effectiveness of import substitution, as well as the establishment of international payments. The author considers the main domestic economic problems to be insufficient investment and R&D spending, as well as the weakness of the monetary system. Based on the analysis of those problems, some conclusions are drawn.