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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mttp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная торговля и торговая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade and Trade Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-7395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-4649</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2410-7395-2025-4-201-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mttp-845</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ВАЛЮТНО-ФИНАНСОЫВАЯ СИСТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE GLOBAL MONETARY AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности формирования и механизмы регулирования внешнего долга Эфиопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Formation and Mechanisms For Regulating Ethiopia's External Debt</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1736-521X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замесина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamesina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софья Николаевна Замесина - младший научный сотрудник Центра изучения африканской стратегии БРИКС</p><p>123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya N. Zamesina - Junior Researcher, Centre for African Strategy in BRICS</p><p>30/1 Spiridonovka Street, Moscow, 123001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sofya.zamesina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-5737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапунцов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapuntsov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Леонидович Сапунцов - доктор экономических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра изучения проблем Переходной экономики</p><p>123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Sapuntsov - Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Centre for Transitional Economy Studies</p><p>30/1 Spiridonovka Street, Moscow, 123001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrew@sapuntsov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Африки Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Замесина С.Н., Сапунцов А.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Замесина С.Н., Сапунцов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zamesina S.N., Sapuntsov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/845">https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/845</self-uri><abstract><p>Заимствование финансовых ресурсов из-за рубежа развивающимися странами призвано содействовать развитию реального сектора экономики и, следовательно, экономическому росту. Однако зачастую неэффективное использование внешних займов, встречающееся в странах Африки, приводит к использованию полученных средств финансовыми институтами в спекулятивных целях, а также для обслуживания ранее полученных долгов. С 1970-х гг. Эфиопия не была склонна к проведению политики активного заимствования на внешних рынках. Только к началу 1990-х гг. проводимая политика либерализации привела к активному кредитованию Эфиопии из-за рубежа, вследствие чего ее внешний долг достиг рекордных 139% ВВП. После списания части долгов кредитная экспансия продолжалась, причем к традиционным кредиторам в лице международных организаций и развитых стран подключился Китай. Ситуация с внешним долгом Эфиопии стала ухудшаться к концу 2010-х гг., что определялось повышением риска дефолта, ухудшением состояния платежного баланса, искажениями в структуре внешней торговли, а также вооруженными конфликтами. К 2023 г. правительство Эфиопии вело переговоры о введении моратория на выплату по долгу и его реструктуризации, однако они не принесли должного результата, и страна объявила дефолт по некоторым выплатам, вызванный нарушением состояния платежного баланса и замедлением экономического роста. В статье исследовано формирование внешней задолженности Эфиопии, а также причины и последствия дефолта 2023 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The borrowing of financial resources from abroad by developing countries is designed to promote the development of the real sector of the economy and, consequently, economic growth. However, the often inefficient use of external loans found in African countries leads to the use of the funds received by financial institutions for speculative purposes, as well as to service previously received debts. Since the 1970s, Ethiopia has not been inclined to pursue a policy of active borrowing in foreign markets. Only by the early 1990s. The ongoing liberalization policy has led to active lending to Ethiopia from abroad, as a result of which its external debt has reached a record 139% of GDP. After writing off some of the debts, credit expansion continued, with China joining traditional creditors represented by international organizations and developed countries. The situation with Ethiopia's external debt began to deteriorate by the end of the 2010s, which was determined by an increased risk of default, a deterioration in the balance of payments, distortions in the structure of foreign trade, as well as armed conflicts. By 2023, the Ethiopian government was negotiating a moratorium on debt payments and restructuring, but they did not bring about the desired result, and the country defaulted on some payments caused by a balance of payments imbalance and a slowdown in economic growth. The article examines the formation of Ethiopia's external debt, as well as the causes and consequences of default in 2023.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефолт</kwd><kwd>платежный баланс</kwd><kwd>страны Африки</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>Эфиопия.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>default</kwd><kwd>balance of payments</kwd><kwd>African countries</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>Ethiopia.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головина С. Г., Безрукова А. В. Развитие социальной экономики в странах Африки: пример Эфиопии // Журнал монетарной экономики и менеджмента. – 2024. – № 2. – С. 32–42. – DOI: 10.26118/2782-4586.2024.84.79.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovina S. G., Bezrukova A. V. 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