mttpМеждународная торговля и торговая политикаInternational Trade and Trade Policy2410-73952414-4649ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"10.21686/2410-7395-2025-2-174-190mttp-790Research ArticleТОРГОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКАTRADE POLICYСанкции администрации Дж. Байдена против еврейских поселенцев на Западном берегу реки Иордан: политическое и экономическое значение для американо-израильских отношенийBiden Administration Sanctions on Jewish Settlers in the West Bank: Political and Economic Implications for Us-Israel Relationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-2261ЯкимоваЕ. А.IakimovaE. A.

Елизавета Александровна Якимова - кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Отдела Израиля и еврейских общин

107031, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12.

Elizaveta A. Iakimova - PhD, Research Fellow

yaki-elizaveta@yandex.ruИнститут востоковедения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of ScienceRussian Federation202511062025112174190Copyright © Якимова Е.А., 20252025Якимова Е.А.Iakimova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/790

Статья посвящена выявлению специфики санкций администрации Дж. Байдена в отношении радикально настроенных израильских физических и юридических лиц, участвующих в поселенческом движении. Автор опирается на концепцию палестино-израильского экономического мира, интерпретируя давление США как нетипичное проявление, а также на широкую трактовку понятия санкций с определяющим значением их политического эффекта. Анализируются динамика американо-израильских отношений на этапе от инаугурации 37-го правительства Израиля до начала военной кампании ЦАХАЛ в сек  торе Газа с акцентом на критике Белого дома в адрес крайне правых министров, опирающихся на поддержку поселенцев, статистика и оценка причин всплеска столкновений еврейских поселенцев и палестинцев на Западном берегу реки Иордан в предшествующем санкциям США 2023 г. Исследуется исполнительный Указ Президента США № 14115, регламентирующий ограничения в отношении деятелей поселенческого движения, поддерживающих их организаций и фондов, а также вспомогательные документы, прямо или косвенно повлиявшие на характер рестрикций в связи с ситуацией на Запад  ном берегу, проводятся параллели с аналогичными мерами воздействия, утвержденными США в разные годы в адрес Сирии. Автор приходит к выводу об ограниченности влияния американских санкций на Израиль, что явилось следствием слабой проработанности данных мер, отсутствия контроля над их исполнением, а также недостаточного учета специфики ситуации на Западном берегу, характеризующейся не только ростом насилия со стороны радикальных поселенцев, но и активизацией межпалестинских противоречий.

The article focuses on identifying the specifics of sanctions imposed by the Biden administration against radical Israeli individuals and legal entities actively involved in the settlement movement. The author relies on the Palestinian-Israeli economic peace concept, defining US pressure as its atypical manifestation, as well as on a broad interpretation of the term «sanctions» with the determining significance of their political effect. The dynamics of the US – Israeli relations from the inauguration of the 37th Israeli government to the start of the IDF military campaign in the Gaza Strip with a particular emphasis on the White House's criticism of far-right ministers who rely on settler’s support, statistics and assessment of the reasons for the surge in clashes between Jewish settlers and Palestinians in the West Bank in the pre-US sanctions year of 2023 are analyzed. The Executive Order of the US President No. 14115, regulating restrictions on the active members of the settlement movement, organizations and foundations supporting them, and related documents that directly or indirectly impacted on the nature of the restrictions in connection with the situation in the West Bank are examined; analogies are drawn with similar measures of influence approved by the US in different years towards Syria. The author comes to conclusions that the limited impact of the American sanctions on Israel was a consequence of poorly developed restrictions, the lack of control over their implementation, as well as insufficient consideration of the specifics of the situation in the West Bank, characterized not only by the growth of violence on the part of the most radical settlers, but also by the intensification of inter-Palestinian contradictions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.