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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mttp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная торговля и торговая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade and Trade Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-7395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-4649</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2410-7395-2025-1-38-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mttp-753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уровень монетизации экономики как показатель состояния финансовой системы: обзор мировой практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Level of Monetization of the Economy as an Indicator of the State of the Financial System: Overview of World Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болвачев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolvachev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Ильич Болвачев, доктор экономических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры финансов устойчивого развития</p><p>109992, Москва, Стремянный пер., д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Bolvachev, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department for Finance of Sustainable Development</p><p>36 Stremyanny Lane, Moscow, 109992</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abol55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саврадым</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savradym</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Михайловна Саврадым, кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры права и экономической безопасности</p><p>299053, Севастополь, ул. Вакуленчука, д.29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria M. Savradym, PhD, Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor of the Department of Law and Economic Security</p><p>29 Vakulenchuk str., Sevastopol, 299053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balvik@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольский филиал Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol Branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Болвачев А.И., Саврадым В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болвачев А.И., Саврадым В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolvachev A.I., Savradym V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/753">https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/753</self-uri><abstract><p>Уровень развития экономики государства отражается в показателе внутреннего валового продукта, на формирование которого оказывают влияние многие факторы, включая и обширный параметрический блок финансовой системы, в том числе и циркулируемые объемы денежной массы. В данном контексте наиболее тесная взаимосвязь проявляется в результирующем показателе – уровне монетизации экономики, который можно рассматривать и как оценку насыщения экономики ликвидными средствами для роста ВВП, и как оценку развитости финансовой системы в целом (включая направления регулирования денежных показателей и показателей финансового рынка). В статье проведен аналитический обзор качественного и количественного значения уровня монетизации экономик с акцентом на показателе развития финансовых систем. Авторы рассматривают динамику достаточности ликвидности, обеспечиваемой финансовой системой, по четырем направлениям: в целом по показателю уровня монетизации мировой экономики, а также на базе существующих подходов к классификации стран мира, в разрезе географических регионов (по классификационной методике ООН), в зависимости от уровня доходов (классификационная методика Всемирного банка) и уровня развития (классификационная методика ВМФ). В исследовании использованы эмпирические данные за 2000–2024 гг. Наряду с общепринятыми методами исследования авторами предлагается применение методики теплового анализа. Результат аналитического обзора показал глобальные изменения как в иерархии экономик мира, так и в векторе развития финансовых систем государств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The level of development of the state's economy is reflected in the indicator of gross domestic product, the formation of which is influenced by many factors, including a very extensive parametric block of the financial system, including the circulating amounts of money. In this context, the closest relationship is manifested in the resulting indicator – the level of monetization of the economy, which can be considered both as an assessment of the saturation of the economy with liquid funds for GDP growth, and as an assessment of the development of the financial system as a whole (including areas of regulation of monetary indicators and financial market indicators). The article provides an analytical review of the qualitative and quantitative significance of the level of monetization of economies with an emphasis on the indicator of the development of financial systems. The authors consider the dynamics of liquidity adequacy provided by the financial system in four directions: in general, according to the indicator of the level of monetization of the world economy, as well as on the basis of existing approaches to the classification of countries of the world, by geographical region (according to the UN classification methodology), depending on income level (World Bank classification methodology) and level of development (IMF classification methodology). The study uses empirical data for 2000–2024. Along with the generally accepted research methods, the authors propose the use of thermal analysis techniques. The result of the analytical review showed global changes in both the hierarchy of the world's economies and in the vector of development of the financial systems of states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коэффициент монетизации экономики</kwd><kwd>валовой внутренний продукт</kwd><kwd>денежные агрегаты</kwd><kwd>классификация стран</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>финансовая система</kwd><kwd>методика теплового анализа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic monetization coefficient</kwd><kwd>gross domestic product</kwd><kwd>monetary aggregates</kwd><kwd>classification of countries</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>financial system</kwd><kwd>the technique of thermal analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Апулеев И. 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