The article examines how the transforming picture of the world and the changing balance of political forces in the Eurasian space affect Russian economic security. The authors make an attempt to assess this influence, first of all, in the light of changes in the geopolitical situation in the world, when the concept of a polycentric world was put forward in contrast to the economic and political dominance of the West. The sanctions imposed by Western European states and their consequences have given a certain impetus to the development of the Russian economy and its movement towards overcoming dependence on imports. This vector of the national economy, in turn, provided significant support to Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing that at present, estimates of how the Russian economy has overcome the consequences of the coronavirus crisis are only conditionally objective and much depends on the current information policy, the article provides data from major international organizations and agencies on the impact of the pandemic on the economic growth of Russia, developed countries and the EAEU countries. Considering the events on the southern borders of the post-Soviet space that have worsened regional security, the authors determine the position of Russia in its relations with the Central Asian republics, as well as priorities in the development of Eurasian integration to ensure its national security.