<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mttp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная торговля и торговая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade and Trade Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-7395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-4649</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-5-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mttp-385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВОПРОСЫ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ПЕНСИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ НА РУБЕЖЕ ВТОРОГО – ТРЕТЬЕГО ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЙ (ОПЫТ США)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE PROBLEMS OF PENSION SYSTEMS MODERNIZATION AT THE SECOND–THIRD DECADES (IN US)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-2916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Федоровна Лебедева, доктор экономических наук, профессор, руководитель Центра социально- экономических исследований и проектов</p><p>123995, Москва, Хлебный пер., д. 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila F. Lebedeva, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Center for Social-Economic Studies and Projects</p><p>2/3 Khlebny per, Moscow, 123995, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.lebedeva@iskran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Соединенных Штатов Америки и Канады Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for US and Canadian Studies Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева Л.Ф., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Л.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva L.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/385">https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/385</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность вопросов диверсификации источников финансирования пенсионного обеспечения в странах мира, условий инвестирования пенсионных средств обусловлена как социальными, так и финансово-экономическими факторами. На рубеже второго – третьего десятилетий XXI в. в Соединенных Штатах пенсионные выплаты только по общегосударственной программе пенсионного страхования ежегодно составляют около триллиона долларов, обеспечивая гарантированный доход пенсионерам и, соответственно, потребительский спрос в стране. Для миллионов американских пенсионеров государственные пенсии являются основным доходом, и без них уровень бедности в данной группе населения был бы в четыре раза выше. Вопрос финансовой устойчивости федеральной системы пенсионного обеспечения на перспективу возникал и раньше, но сегодня он приобрел практическое звучание из-за наметившегося превышения расходов над доходами пенсионных фондов, что ставит под угрозу выполнение обязательств перед пенсионерами в предстоящие десятилетия. В данной статье проанализированы факторы финансовой устойчивости американской государственной пенсионной системы страхования, а также различные подходы к сохранению гарантий пенсионных выплат в преддверии президентских выборов в Соединенных Штатах; показана специфика инициатив демократов и республиканской администрации Дональда Трампа в данной области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the transformation of US social security trust funds in view of pension benefits guarantees. It is pointed out main approaches to solving the growing gap between the volume of payroll taxes and outlays for each year. According to the Social Security Board of Trustees, the asset reserves are expected to be exhausted in the fourth decade of the current century and future retirees could face problems with retirement benefits. Meanwhile, it’s an important point of each candidate’s agenda before presidential elections. One of the approaches for keeping the financial stability of the Social Security Act till the end of the current century and beyond is raise payroll taxes. But this proposal is not popular among republicans. President D. Trump's position on Social Security is not to increase payroll taxes or the age of retirement, but to stimulate economic growth which make it possible to collect more payroll taxes for Social Security system. At the same time the key priority of D. Trump’s administration in the field of strengthening retirement security in America is development of individual pension plans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственная политика</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>пенсионные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>government policy</kwd><kwd>US</kwd><kwd>pension systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Л. Ф. Стратегии пенсионного обеспечения: американский выбор// Мировая экономика и международные отношения. – 2016. – № 8. – С. 44–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva L. F. Стратегии пенсионного обеспечения: американский выбор [Pension Security Strategies: American Choice] Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2016, no. 8, pp. 44–52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenan M. Americans Most Satisfied With Nation's Military, Security, 2019. – January 28. – URL: https://news.gallup.com/poll/246254/americans-satisfied-nation-military-security.aspx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenan M. Americans Most Satisfied With Nation's Military, Security, 2019, January 28. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/poll/ 246254/americans-satisfied-nation-military-security.aspx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenan M. Americans Expect Comfortable Retirement. Gallup, 2019. – June 18. – URL: https://news.gallup.com/poll/258320/nonretired-ameri-cans-expect-comfortable-retirement.aspx 4. Jones J. M. U.S. Stock Ownership Down Among All but Older, Higher-Income. Gallup, 2017. – May 24. – URL: https://news.gallup.com/ poll/211052/stock-ownership-down-among-older-higher-income.aspx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenan M. Americans Expect Comfortable Retirement. Gallup, 2019, June 18. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/poll/258320/nonretired-americans-expect-comfortable-retirement.aspx 4. Jones J. M. U.S. Stock Ownership Down Among All but Older, Higher-Income. Gallup, 2017, May 24. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/ poll/211052/stock-ownership-down-among-older-higher-income.aspx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Here's what a Trump Presidency Means for Social Security // USA today, 2016. – November 28. – URL: https://www.usatoday.com/story/ money/personalfinance/2016/11/28/trump-presidency-means-social- security/94208486/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Here's what a Trump Presidency Means for Social Security, USA today, 2016, November 28. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/ money/personalfinance/2016/11/28/trump-presidency-means-social- security/94208486/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The 2019 Retirement Confidence Survey. Employee Benefit. Research Institute. 2019. – URL: https://www.ebri.org/docs/default-source/rcs/2019-rcs/rcs_19-fs-1_confid.pdf?sfvrsn=c6553f2f_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The 2019 Retirement Confidence Survey. Employee Benefit. Research Institute. 2019. Available at: https://www.ebri.org/docs/default-source/rcs/ 2019-rcs/rcs_19-fs-1_confid.pdf?sfvrsn=c6553f2f_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trump is Strengthening U.S. Retirement Security. Here’s How. White House, 2018. – August 31. – URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/ trump-strengthening-u-s-retire</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trump is Strengthening U.S. Retirement Security. Here’s How. White House, 2018, August 31. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/ trump-strengthening-u-s-retire</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What Congress May Do to Fix Social Security this Fall. CNBC, 2019. – October 7. – URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/07/heres-what-con-gress-may-do-to-fix-social-security-this-fall.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What Congress May Do to fix Social Security this Fall. CNBC, 2019, October 7. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/07/heres-what-congress-may-do-to-fix-social-security-this-fall.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Why Social Security's Problems Begin in 2018. Heritage, 2005. – February 17. – URL: https://www.heritage.org/budget-and-spending/ commentary/why-social-securitys-problems-begin-2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Why Social Security's Problems Begin in 2018. Heritage, 2005, February 17. Available at: https://www.heritage.org/budget-and-spending/ commentary/why-social-securitys-problems-begin-2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
