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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mttp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная торговля и торговая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade and Trade Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-7395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-4649</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2410-7395-2019-3-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mttp-319</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внешняя торговля Европейского союза: доминантные флуктуации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Trade of the European Union : Dominant Fluctuations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладков</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник; руководитель Центра европейской торговли ИЕ РАН; профессор кафедры мировой экономики РЭУ им. Г. В. Плеханова»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economics, Full Professor, Senior Researcher; Head of the Center for European Trade of the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor of the Department for World Economy of the PRUE</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">professorgis@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Европы Российской академии наук;&#13;
Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
 Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гладков И.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гладков И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gladkov I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/319">https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/319</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются наиболее важные сдвиги, происходившие на протяжении последнего пятилетия в динамике и географической структуре внешнеторговых связей Европейского союза (ЕС) как самого крупного субъекта в системе современной международной товарной торговли. Показано, что, несмотря на такие довольно неблагоприятные внешние факторы, как нарастание всеобщей турбулентности в мировой товарной торговле, расширение зоны протекционистских и санкционных мероприятий, торговых конфликтов, ЕС смог сохранить свои доминирующие позиции в международном товарном обмене и потеснить своих основных конкурентов, о чем говорит достаточно заметное снижении долевого участия Североамериканской ассоциации свободной торговли (НАФТА, в составе США, Канады, Мексики) и Японии в международном экспорте. Продолжая проводить взвешенную внешнеторговую политику, ЕС использовал традиционные для него инструменты не только для наращивания своей активности в целом и за пределами европейского региона, но и для поддержания положительного сальдо внешнеторгового баланса. Кроме того, есть надежда на возобновление добрососедских торговых связей Европейского союза с Российской Федерацией, которые были осложнены в последние годы введением и продлением санкционных мер со стороны ЕС и ответными действиями России. Автором приводятся новые статистические материалы, многочисленные расчетные данные, впервые вводимые в отечественный научный оборот.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the most important changes that have taken place over the past five years in the dynamics and geographical structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (EU) as the largest entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. It is shown that, despite such rather unfavorable external factors as the increase in general turbulence in world commodity trade, the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, trade conflicts, the EU was able to maintain its dominant position in international commodity exchange. At the same time, the European Union has pushed the main competitors, as the latest statistics show a significant decrease in the share of the North American free trade Association (NAFTA, consisting of the United States, Canada, Mexico) and Japan in international exports. Continuing to pursue a balanced foreign trade policy, the EU used its traditional instruments not only to increase its activity in general and outside the European region, but also to maintain a positive balance of foreign trade. In addition, there are hopes for the resumption of goodneighbourly trade relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation, which have been complicated in recent years by the introduction and extension of sanctions measures by the EU and Russia's response. The author presents new statistical materials, numerous calculated data, for the first time introduced into the domestic scientific circulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>внешняя торговля</kwd><kwd>товарный экспорт/импорт</kwd><kwd>«эффект черепахи»</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>Германия</kwd><kwd>Нидерланды</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация (Россия)</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>США</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>foreign trade</kwd><kwd>merchandise export/import</kwd><kwd>«the turtle effect»</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>the EU</kwd><kwd>Germany</kwd><kwd>Netherland</kwd><kwd>Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладков И. С. 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