mttpМеждународная торговля и торговая политикаInternational Trade and Trade Policy2410-73952414-4649ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"10.21686/2410-7395-2018-4-71-89mttp-267Research ArticleМИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯWORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В ЮГО–ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИFORMING OF THE MIGRATION SYSTEM IN SOUTH-EAST ASIAПреображенскаяА. А.PreobrazhenskayaA. A.

Арина Александровна Преображенская - кандидат политических наук, старший научный сотрудник центра сравнительных социально-экономических и политических исследований

117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23

Arina A. Preobrazhenskaya - PhD, Senior Researcher of the Center for Comparative Social-Economic and Political Studies of IMEMO

23 Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997

arina-preob@mail.ruКнязевП. Ю.KnyazevP. Y.

Павел Юрьевич Князев - младший научный сотрудник центра сравнительных социально-экономических и политических исследований

117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23

Pavel Y. Knyazev - Junior Research of the Center for Comparative Social-Economic and Political Studies of IMEMO

23 Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997

pavkneazev@yandex.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е. М. Примакова Российской Академии наукРоссияThe Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201819122018047189Copyright © Преображенская А.А., Князев П.Ю., 20182018Преображенская А.А., Князев П.Ю.Preobrazhenskaya A.A., Knyazev P.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/267

В статье представлены экономические, демографические, политические и другие факторы, способствующие усилению миграционного взаимодействия между странами региона. Авторы приходят к выводу, что экономические и демографические различия между странами ЮВА не только вряд ли будут преодолены в ближайшие десятилетия, но и могут усилиться, а значит, в будущем возможно более отчетливое размежевание стран региона по линии «доноры-реципиенты» и соответственно более четкое распределение ролей внутри миграционной системы. К группе посылающих государств относятся Филиппины, Лаос, Камбоджа, Мьянма, Вьетнам и Индонезия. Основными странами-реципиентами, на которые приходится более 80% всей внутрирегиональной миграции, являются Сингапур, Таиланд и Малайзия. Вместе с тем связи между странами ЮВА еще не приобрели устойчивого характера, регионализация миграции проявляется неодинаково в различных странах АСЕАН, и людские потоки из ряда стран ориентированы преимущественно за пределы региона. Подчеркивается, что активизация перемещений населения в данном регионе благоприятствует лучшему размещению в странах ЮВА трудовых ресурсов, адаптации их экономики к асимметричным шокам, а также расширению внешнеэкономических отношений между странами проживания и происхождения мигрантов. В статье предпринята попытка установить ключевые факторы и признаки создания миграционного кластера в этом ареале, объединяющего страны с различным уровнем развития экономики, социальной сферы, прочности демократии и политической стабильности. Главное внимание уделяется характеристике основных черт, присущих регионализации людских перемещений в ЮВА, определению вызовов для развития стран этой группы. Авторы также стремятся выявить наиболее важные тенденции в сфере управления миграцией как на многостороннем уровне, так и внутри отдельных государств, рассматривая региональную миграционную систему как пространство взаимодействия мигрантов и институтов, ответственных за регулирование передвижений населения. В статье также рассматривается становление региональной системы управления миграционными процессами. Характерной чертой этой системы является сочетание элементов многостороннего и двухстороннего регулирования с учетом национальной специфики каждой страны региона.

Economic, demographic, political, social and others factor, which contribute to the increase of migration interaction between the countries of the region are presented in the article. The authors come to the conclusion, that economic and demographic differences betweenSouth-East Asiacountries are not only unlikely to be overcome in the coming decades, but can even grow. This means a possibility of a more clear distinguishing the countries of the region along the line «donor-recipient» to take place in the future, and thus a more distinct distribution of roles within the framework of the migration system. The sending group includesCambodia,Philippines,Laos,Myanmar,IndonesiaandViet Nam. The main recipient countries, which account for more than 80 per cent of all intraregional migration, areSingapore,ThailandandMalaysia. However, the links betweenSouth-East Asiacountries have not yet become sustainable, the regionalization of migration varies from country to country in the ASEAN and population flows from a number of countries are directed outside the region. It is emphasized that the intensification of population movements in the region promotes a better allocation of labor resources inSouth-East Asiacountries, adapting their economies to asymmetric shocks, as well as the expansion of foreign economic relations between the countries of residence and origin of migrants. The article attempts to identify the key factors and features of the migration cluster creation in this area, uniting countries with different levels of economic development, social sphere, level of democracy and political stability. The main attention is paid to the characteristics of the main features inherent in the regionalization of human movements inSouth-East Asia, the definition of challenges for the development of this group of countries. The authors also try to identify the most important trends in migration management both at the multilateral level and within countries, considering the regional migration system as a way of interaction between migrants and institutions responsible for regulating population movements. The article also describes the formation of the regional system of migration processes governance. The main feature of this system consists in a combination of elements of multilateral and bilateral regulation, taking into account the national specifics of countries in the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.