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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mttp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная торговля и торговая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade and Trade Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-7395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-4649</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО "Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2410-7395-2018-3-100-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mttp-257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНЪЮНКТУРА МИРОВЫХ ТОВАРНЫХ РЫНКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD COMMODITY MARKETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕФТЬ  В   ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ  ЭКОНОМИКЕ И  МИРОВОЙ  ТОРГОВЛЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OIL  IN  GLOBAL  ECONOMY AND  WORLD  TRADE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Петр Павлович - доктор экономических наук, руководитель Центра иберийских исследований Института Латинской Америки РАН, профессор кафедры международного бизнеса и таможенного дела РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова.</p><p>115035, Москва, ул. Б. Ордынка, д. 21; 117997, Москва, Стремянный пер., д. 36.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr P.Yakovlev - Doctor of Economics, Head of the Center for Iberian Studies at the Institute of Latin America of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of International and Customs Business of the PRUE.</p><p>21 B. Ordynka, Moscow, 115035; 36, Stremyanny Lane, Moscow, 117997.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrp.yakovlev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Латинской Америки РАН; Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Latin America of Russian Academy of Sciences; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлев П.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлев П.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovlev P.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/257">https://mttp.rea.ru/jour/article/view/257</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние два десятилетия в мировой нефтяной промышленности произошли значительные изменения, создавшие новую производственную и коммерческую ситуацию. Эти процессы затронули добычу, потребление и торговлю нефтью, которая, несмотря на серьезные усилия по увеличению удельного веса альтернативных источников энергии, остается главным энергетическим ресурсом, оказывает существенное влияние на развитие глобальной экономики. Резкие взлеты и падения нефтяных котировок превратились в острую проблему мирового экономического развития. Обвал цен на нефть в 2015–2016 гг. привел к значительному сокращению валютных поступлений в государственные бюджеты продавцов жидких углеводородов. В стремлении выправить положение дел страны-экспортеры, начиная с осени 2016 г., предприняли усилия с тем, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшее падение нефтяных цен. Ключевую роль в этом процессе сыграли Россия и Саудовская Аравия – крупнейшие экспортеры нефти, которые сумели убедить большинство нефтедобывающих государств несколько сократить ее производство. Таким образом удалось стабилизировать рынок, но нефтяная отрасль остается в эпицентре геоэкономического и геополитического противостояния. Более того, она стала объектом международных торгово-финансовых санкций и ограничений, затронувших интересы целого ряда стран-экспортеров, включая Россию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the past two decades in the world oil industry underwent significant changes, that created a new production and commercial situation. These processes have affected the production, consumption and trade in oil, which, in spite of serious efforts to increase the share of alternative energy sources, remains the principal energy resource, has a significant impact on the development of global economy. The sharp ups and downs of oil prices has become the acute  problem  of  global  economic  development.  The  collapse  in  oil  prices  in  the  years 2015–2016 has resulted in significant reduction of foreign exchange earnings for state budgets of the sellers of liquid hydrocarbons. In an effort to remedy the situation, the exporting countries, beginning in the fall of 2016, undertook vigorous steps in order to prevent a further decline in oil prices. A key role in this process was played by Russia and Saudi Arabia who are the largest exporters of oil. They managed to convince the majority of oil-producing countries to cut production. By this way, the exporters managed to stabilize the market, but the world oil industry remains at the epicenter of the geo-economic and geo-political confrontations. Moreover, it has become the object of international trade and financial sanctions and restrictions affecting the interests of a number of countries, including Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глобальная экономика</kwd><kwd>нефтяная отрасль</kwd><kwd>мировая торговля</kwd><kwd>обострение конкуренции</kwd><kwd>Россия и ОПЕК</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>санкционное давление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>global economy</kwd><kwd>oil industry</kwd><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>increased competition</kwd><kwd>Russia and OPEC</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>pressure of sanctions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Динамика цен на нефть Brent (ICE. 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